Developing a Social Science for Population-assignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theDeveloping a Social Science Perspective for Population. Answer: Presentation The subject of this insightful paper is emotional well-being and self destruction with a particular spotlight on the Australian populace. In light of ongoing reports and experimental proof, there is a high frequency of psychological sicknesses and self destruction in Australia. About 45.5% of the whole populace has encountered a psychological issue at a specific time in the course of their life. During the hour of the investigation, it was discovered that around 20.0% of Australians matured somewhere in the range of 16 and 85 years encountered a psychological issue over the most recent a year (Slade et al., 2009). The most well-known mental issue in Australia are state of mind issue, tension and substance use issue. While ladies have high odds of encountering uneasiness issue, men have high odds of encountering substance use issue. So also, the study of disease transmission of self destruction is stressing. In 2014, self destruction was the main source of mortality in men matured somewhere in the range of 25 and 44 years and ladies matured somewhere in the range of 25 and 34 years (Kinchin Doran, 2017). When contrasted with young ladies, youngsters have higher odds of ending their lives. In spite of the fact that the occurrence of self destruction is declining continuously, it stays a worry for youthful Australians, guardians, wellbeing experts and policymakers. The high commonness of self destruction is likewise influencing the activity advertise. In 2014, around 903 specialists ended it all, and 2303 others hurt themselves prompting full debilitation (Kinchin Doran, 2017). Mental and self destruction is a significant point since it prompts noteworthy financial misfortune and will in general influence a few sections of the populace in the network. The monetary expense of self destruction is evaluated to be $6.73. This worth intimates that the economy is harmed by self destruction considerably. The immediate expense of rewarding and thinking about people determined to have emotional well-being is high. The national spending on psychological wellness is high. For example, in 2010-2011, the national use on emotional well-being was up by 178% or $4.2 billion (Slade et. al., 2009). The state and domain governments spend a lot higher on psychological well-being than the Australian government. A thought of the social socioeconomics demonstrates that the pace of self destruction is higher among the individuals who are destitute, resigned and jobless contrasted with the others in the populace. Destitute people are probably going to report substance use issue and crazy sickness (Slade et al., 2009). The individuals who are jobless or resigned will in general experience mental pressure. This investigation demonstrates that psychological well-being and self destruction is a significant subject with regards to Australia. Building an inquiry For what reason do a few Australians experience a high occurrence of psychological maladjustments and self destruction? The study of disease transmission of psychological maladjustments and self destruction shows that a few portions of the populace are more powerless than others. The paper especially tries to explore the elements that bring about this difference. Writing survey A huge writing presents different perspectives to answer the issue under investigation in this paper. Markwick et al. (2014) did an examination to decide the determinants of wellbeing for Indigenous grown-ups in the territory of Victoria in contrast with non-indigenous partners. They found a high predominance of emotional wellness ailments, for example, tension and wretchedness. The event of dysfunctional behaviors in this populace was ascribed to psychosocial dangers, for example, money related pressure and food weakness. In addition, lower financial status (SES) like being jobless and low pay was found to assume a major job in the event of melancholy and tension. Poor lodging reasonableness has likewise been found to cause psychological wellness. One ongoing examination sought after the theory that lodging reasonableness stress (HAS) is connected to poor psychological well-being. The creators found that introduction to HAS caused a decrease in psychological wellness scores. In this investigation, men were seen as more influenced intellectually by introduction to HAS than ladies (Bentley, Baker Mason, 2012). Kim and Knesebeck (2015) did a foundational survey to decide the wellbeing related danger of joblessness and employment frailty. In light of the different wellbeing results considered, the absence of work and employment weakness were unequivocally connected to psychological wellness. Occupation frailty was additionally connected to with physical indications. The absence of work and occupation instability are related with compounding wellbeing conditions and even mortality. Actually, a few people will in general end it all because of joblessness. Enticott et al. (2016) investigated the connection between psychological well-being and remoteness and territory hardship. They found that people living in the most distraught quintiles are bound to report mental confusion than those at all impeded quintiles. This contention is upheld by Fone and partners, who found that salary disparity is fundamentally connected to poor psychological well-being (Fone et. al., 2013). Then again, bigotry and separation are inferable from the high frequency of self destruction. Indigenous individuals may feel threatened because of bigotry and in the end their life. All in all, the writing audit focuses to imbalance intensified by social factors as the significant reason for mental scatters and self destruction. Evaluate Social brain research is the picked sociology order to evaluate the writing. In light of the current writing, it is clear that financial variables lead to a critical number of mental issue. The event of mental issue in certain fragments of the Australian populace is owing to social mental subjects, for example, inadequate psychosocial advancement, sentiment of weakness brought about by apparent absence of control and inability to get the nonmonetary advantages of business. Eriksons model of grown-up psychosocial advancement takes note of the significance of prosperous commitment inside ones work for solid maturing. The ramifications of neglecting to accomplish formative difficulties incorporate passionate misery (Malone et. al., 2016). He theorized that passionate and character improvement in adulthood necessitates that people accept they are making steps to better themselves by accommodating their locale and family. Conversely, during joblessness, low SES or uncertain occupation con dition confidence is undermined bringing about uneasiness and sorrow. The absence of business and employment misfortune can incite a chain of affliction including social and money related strain, which can bring about sorrow and self destruction. In fact, self destruction chance is firmly connected to joblessness just as absence of employer stability (Woo Postolache, 2008). At the point when an individual can't make sure about significant work, they will in general feel weakness because of the absence of impact. In the line of this view, steady defenselessness can bring about despondency. In the writing survey, loss of work has been delineated as one of the triggers of mental issue since it is socially and mentally dangerous. The social and mental reaction to upsetting occasions, for example, loss of business advances through different stages. The underlying stage is portrayed by stun, and at this stage, the individual is as yet hopeful. In the movement of joblessness, the individual becomes skeptical and encounters dynamic pain. A raised degree of dissatisfaction, sorrow, frustration and nervousness in the end prompts poor psychological well-being. Further, emotional economic wellbeing is emphatically connected with mental disarranges. Emotional economic wellbeing can be seen as far as relative hardship (McLaughlin et. al., 2012). An individual can be in an ideal situation or more awful contrasted with others in the network. In the event that an individual is more regrettable than others in the general public, they have high odds of encountering mental misery, which declines after some time. Another social brain science viewpoint is the part of the social class, which is proliferated by contrasts in SES level. Strikingly, social class may affect vulnerability to psychological sickness in a few different ways. This impact can be supported since social class decides the position held by people in institutional areas, mentalities and perspective just as way of life. The perspectives and perspective may make an individual embrace practices that are hazard factors for emotional well-being, for example, substance misuse. Individual Response Corresponding to the subject of study, my surmising is that there is a relationship among's SES and the danger of psychological well-being. Truth be told, low SES status expands the danger of emotional well-being. As an individual gains a higher SES, their danger of mental issue is incredibly brought down. The SES in my reaction is affected by work status, professional stability, lodging moderateness and the degree of neediness. Financial pressure is the conceivable clarification for the relationship between mental disarranges and SES. In a sincere belief, low-salary workers and people living in remote territories experience mental misery since they need sufficient assets for fundamental living. The absence of fundamental prerequisites will in general reason mental tension in the two grown-ups and youngsters. Indisputably, the social condition shapes the emotional wellness just as numerous basic mental issue. Social imbalances are commonly connected to expanded danger of poor emotion al wellness. End/Recommendations All in all, the discoveries of this paper answer the inquiry on why a few Australians experience a high rate of dysfunctional behaviors and self destruction. Financial variables are significant in the event of mental issue, where those living in low SES experience high occurrence of psychological maladjustments. The occurrence of psychological instabilities has been investigated with regards to social brain research. The essential suggestion of this paper is the requirement for the dynamic advancement of preventive and early mediation activities that especially focus on the antagonistic impacts of joblessness, work misfortune, territory hardship, and employment weakness. Thusly, the Australian government shou

Multiple Submissions of Freelance Material

Numerous Submissions of Freelance Material A peruser requested that I address this subject. She had an article to inquiry to distributions and didnt need to sit tight for each answer in turn. Would she be able to pitch to a few markets without a moment's delay, she inquired. The appropriate response isnt a basic Yes or No. Its really Yes AND No. Also, I have my very own tale for this exercise. Back in my prior independent days, I proposed articles on journalists and awards to Writers Digest just as The Writer. Every wa a remarkable pitch, composed in an unexpected way, yet on a similar subject. Id simply gone full timeâ as a specialist and knew the chances of both broadly perceived magazines tolerating my pieces was pretty much nothing. One of the distributions acknowledged inside a month yet never expressed when the story would come out. The other didnt connect for nearly 12 months however revealed to me when the article would show up. The two of them turned out around the same time. I got a patrons duplicate inclination totally elated. At that point I opened the other envelope via the post office and saw where the other distribution sent me their supporters duplicate. The adventure of opening one was supplanted with fear and gloom. Sufficiently sure, one of the editors reached me fuming. The other never let out the slightest peep. I was reluctant to pitch both of them for a considerable length of time. When is it alright to pitch a similar article to various distributions? 1) When the distributions are not in a contending market OR 2) When you notice in the question that you have additionally pitched the piece somewhere else. For example, on the off chance that you pitch a story on the best way to keep up grass in a graveyard (truly, I really distributed that piece), it tends to be all the while pitched to a turfgrass magazine and a lineage magazine since they are not contending distributions. Be that as it may, when one acknowledges, it benefits you to tell the other. Without a doubt, they may slaughter your piece, yet you dont need to cut off the tie to future gigs. Regardless of whether you compose totally various articles, on the off chance that they are about a similar point consider them too like even consider pitching to contending markets, yet comprehend that noncompeting markets may not give it a second thought, with both tolerating your piece. And keeping in mind that were talking outsourcing, I need to make reference to a surprising manual on turning into an independent writer. Writers Digest Guide to Magazine Article Writingâ is your down to earth manual for selling pitches, making solid articles, and procuring more I stand emphatically behindâ this book, composed

When Your Partner Gets Drunk and Violent

When Your Partner Gets Drunk and Violent Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Print When Your Partner Gets Drunk and Violent By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Updated on January 05, 2020 Westend61/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Many women and men are going through the same struggle. Research across different countries and cultures has demonstrated a strong relationship between binge drinking and violence towards intimate partners, whether they are married, cohabiting, dating, or casual encounters, and whether the partners are heterosexual, gay, lesbian, or bisexual.?? Both men and women can be victims or perpetrators, but the vast majority of assaults and homicides are perpetrated by men to women. As with all people with violent partners, you are not to blame for whats happening to you, but youre unlikely to get help unless you take action yourself to prevent further abuse. Only you can decide what to do in this situation, but you are strongly advised to seek professional help as soon as possible. The Connection Between Drinking and Intimate Partner Violence Binge drinking  is associated with being both the perpetrator and the victim of violence between married couples. Think about how many drinks you have when youre with your partnerâ€"the more you drink, as well as the more your partner drinks, the greater the risk that he or she will become violent towards you. Alcohol is typically involved in the most severe incidents of violence towards partners. The relationship between alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence is similar across diverse cultures and drinking patterns. While you may have only suffered from bruises up to this point, many partners, especially women, are hospitalized and die each year as a result of violence from a drunk partner, so its important that you deal with this now. Research also shows that there is a consistent link between the number of drinks consumed per occasion and engaging in partner violence, suggesting that its alcohol intoxication rather than merely alcohol use that creates situations where violence occurs.?? One of the first things you can do is control your drinking by setting a limit on how much you and your partner will drinkâ€"if at all. Five drinks or more is particularly unsafe for escalating the risk of violence, so a limit of three to four drinks should be the maximum. Even if you dont want to discuss your partners drinking with him or her, you can control your own drinking right away, which will reduce the risk of you being hit again to some extent. You Both Need Help You may love your partner and he or she may be kind the majority of the time. However, its absolutely crossing the line to hit or assault anyone. If possible, try talking to your partner when neither of you is under the influence and see if you can come up with a plan together about how to get help. Both you and your partner need outside help in this situation. While some people who are violent towards their partners can learn more effective ways to manage, if left unchecked, you can find yourself living in fear, eventually suffering from injuries or worse. Ideally, if your partner is willing to come to counseling, you should get couples counseling to address the underlying problems in your relationship. You should also both get counseling about your drinking (unless you are both willing and able to quit, and dont drink most of the time), and your partner should get additional help to deal with his or her violent behavior. Other Resources for Help If your partner becomes violent again, you can call 911 and ask for the police and an ambulance if you need medical attention. The police can help to link you with services in your area for abused partners. You can also find this help through your local community center or hospital. How to Get Help When Your Partner Gets Violent After Drinking

Frederick Douglass s Life And Life - 851 Words

Frederick Douglass was born in February of 1818 in Talbot County, Maryland. Frederick Douglass was born into slavery and eventually became a very famous abolitionist and author. He did not have an easy life. He faced many struggles in his lifetime but he overcame them all to tell everyone the truth about slavery and how demeaning it was. Frederick Douglass’s life a slave was brutal. He was beaten by his master day in and day out. His master was named Captain Aaron Anthony. Douglass was born into to slavery so he lost his mother at a very young age and never knew his father. Since he was born into slavery Douglass did not have much of a life as a child. All he ever knew was to work. In 1825 Douglass’s owner sent him to another slave farm. He was sent to Baltimore, Maryland, since they were from the north Douglass was not treated as badly as he was before. The wife of his new slave owner even began to teach Douglass reading and writing until her husband put a stop to it. Even though his life was not as bad as it was beforehand, Douglass still did not enjoy the life he was living and wanted to do something about it. Later in his life Douglass’s previous master, Captain Anthony, died. Afterwards, for a short period of time, he was returned back to Anthony’s son in law. Anthony’s son in law sold Douglass to another man once he was returned. The man he was sold to beat and whipped Douglass day in and day out until he did ever last thing that he was told to do. He eventuallyShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of Frederick Douglass s The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick 1306 Words   |  6 Pagesthe practice slavery as neither good nor bad, but just part of Southern life going on for hundreds of years. Frederick Douglass, a slave who had escaped to the North, after years of abuse through slavery, knew that in order to stop slavery, he had to persuade all the people in the North to vehemently oppose it as much as he did himself. Through the â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†, which he published in 1845, Douglass focuses on the process of dehumanization he and thousands of others wentRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Life And Life2003 Words   |  9 PagesFrederick Douglass was born â€Å"in Tuckahoe, near Hillsborough, and about twelve miles from Easton, in Talbot county, Maryland.† He did not know about his age because slave-owners and slave-masters did not want the slaves to know about their age. But it is estimated that he was born around 1818 as he said, â€Å"I come to this, from hearing my master say, some time during 1835, I was about seventeen years old.† His mother was Harriet Bailey who was daughter of colored Isaac and Betsey Bailey. Douglass’sRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Life Of Slavery999 Words   |  4 Pagesin your stomach. Each night after working in the field for an hour a time. Pain that s what you feel after being whipped, for not moving fast enough as you s hould, mainly because you are tired. You live this life of a slave. Your name is Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass once said, â€Å"Knowledge makes a man unfit to be a slave. Frederick Douglass did not have an easy life, he has had a painful life. Douglass was born into slavery. His mother was black, and his father was an white man, as an infantRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Life As A Slave1189 Words   |  5 Pagesneeded for agricultural labors and had to work mostly from dusk to dawn. Frederick Douglass’s experiences as a slave was different than that other colonial labor because of the strict treatment he received from his masters, the inferiority to other humans that he felt, and the harsh conditions he lived in. Douglass’s life as slave was subjected to more cruel punishments than an indentured servant would have recieved.When Douglass described the severe punishment of his aunt Hester given by Colonel LloydRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Life Of Slavery1783 Words   |  8 Pages Frederick Douglass’s Position on Slavery Slavery is severe in two ways; slavery is terrible for slaves, and slavery corrupts slave holders. Frederick Douglass spent his life trying to prove these two topics. He wrote his own books to show people who are not around slavery how horrid it is. He gave countless examples of his own life in order to abolish slavery. In the Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass written by Douglass himself, he says, â€Å"Sincerely and earnestly hoping that this little bookRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglas1674 Words   |  7 Pagespopular in the southern states, among these slaves, one slave in particular impacted the 19th century was Frederick Douglass. Although he was a slave for most of his life, Douglass eventually became a freeman, a social reform, writer, and an abolitionist for slavery. However, before he became a freeman, Douglass experienced a brutal life as a slave. He faced dehumanization in his early life, but accomplished what most slaves we not allowed to do; which is getting educated, by self-educating himselfRead MoreFrederick Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass1693 Words   |  7 Pages Slavery on a plantation was drastically different from slavery in the city. Frederick Douglass the author of Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass was born and raised on the plantation as a slave. From his early years Douglass experienced life as a slave on a plantation. He was soon relocated to Maryland at the age of seven to the slave owner’s brother Mr. Auld. Douglass is moved back and forth from the plantation to the city. The areas of food, treatment and punishment, and clothing were contrastingRead MoreAn Analysis Of Frederick Douglass s The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesof Frederick Douglass s NarrativeChristianity quite often, especially when associated to the system of slavery becomes even more of a contentious issue than it already is. In The Narrative of th e Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass presents the theme of perversion of Christianity by slaveholders as a way to bring out the contradiction that lie deep within slaveholders adulterated interpretation of the belief system. In this paper, I will highlight these perversions that Douglass discussesRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass s The Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass 983 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States many slaves like Fredrick Douglass had to escape to fight for freedom. To become abolitionists. To expose the terror and cruelties that he faced from his owners and overseers as a slave wrote in the â€Å"Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass.† ​Being a slave was difficult from the beginning. In the case of Fredrick Douglass he was a product of unwanted love. He was born into slavery with no record or â€Å"accurate knowledge of age.†(Douglass) He was the son of Harriet Bailey, who wasRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass s Narrative Of The Life Of Fredrick Douglass967 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States many slaves like Fredrick Douglass had to escape to fight for freedom to become abolitionists. To expose the terror and cruelties that he faced from his owners and overseers as a slave as narrated in â€Å"Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass.† Being a slave was difficult from the beginning. In the case of Fredrick Douglass he was a product of unwanted love. Born into slavery with no record or â€Å"accurate knowledge of age.†(Douglass) He was the son of Harriet Bailey, who was â€Å"†¦the

Women s Role During The Civil War - 1301 Words

 ¨The world has never yet seen a truly great and virtuous nation because in the degradation of Women the very foundations of life are poisoned at their source† (Rose 1). Lucretia Mott was only one of many women in which had to go through this tough time known as the Civil War (Biography.com Editors 2). Women during this time threw away their old ways of being a housewife and everyone helped contribute in the war somehow, whether if they were young or old they helped (History.com Staff 1). Though not often mentioned, women played a huge role in the Civil War. The Women stood up to the plate during the Civil War. The Women s role before the Civil War cleaned, cooked, and took care of their children while the men always worked. During the Civil War, while still dealing with cooking, cleaning, and taking care of their children women created fundraisers and organizations. These organizations were made to help their loved ones, the soldiers, while they were in war (Brown1). Some o f the most successful organizations were Ladies Hospital Aid Society, The Volunteer Refreshment Saloon, United States Christian Commission and the Sanitary Service. (HSP Staff 3) (Brown 1) The Ladies Hospital Aid Society organized and sent supplies for soldiers off at war (McGrath 1).The Volunteer Refreshment Saloon provided support services to soldiers on their way to or returning from the Civil War (Temple 1). The Civil War Christian Commision distributed thousands of tracts, bibles, and pamphletsShow MoreRelatedWomen s Roles During The Civil War1261 Words   |  6 PagesWomen s Roles During The Civil War Women were considered frail, unintelligent, and unable to make decisions in eighteen-hundredths America. It was traditional wisdom that a woman’s place was in the home. The Civil War marked a turning point for women and their role in society. Through my research consisting of books, letters, speeches, and articles, I will tell the story of a time in America when women rose to satisfy the needs of the country when most men were away fighting the war. This essayRead MoreWomen s Role During The Civil War Essay1953 Words   |  8 PagesRevolution, but given that these ideals only applied to white men at the time, I wonder how many women imagined that they would ever enjoy such liberties. In the nineteenth century, it was assumed that the natural order of society dictated that men and women were predestined to live out their lives as they always had. Women were expected to be submissive, obedient, and subservient to the men around them. Women s struggle for equality has been a long-fought battle and continues into the present time. ThoseRead MoreWomen During The Civil War1049 Words   |  5 PagesFor Civil War women in the 1860s it was predictable wisdom that a â€Å"woman’s place is in the home,† but the Civil War challenged this view. There were many women who played an important role in the Civil War. It is normal to think the Civil War was a man’s fight. However during the war, many women challenged the role of the women and took on different roles. While the men marched off to war, the women had to work hard and try to provide for their families. Women became doctors, spies, nurses, couriersRead MoreThe Barry/Bradford Family1442 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the early eighteen hundreds, many southerners entangled themselves and their families in the Civil War. 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The war increased northernRead MoreLittle Women And The Civil War903 Words   |  4 PagesLittle Women and the Civil War. The Civil War served as much more than the fight for civil economies and a struggle to end slavery. What lied in the foreground of the civil war are images of unions and confederate soldiers rummaging through forest of the American South and thoughts of slaves gaining their long sought freedom. However most people do not consider the lingering backdrop of the war. That would be the effects the war would have on the changing gender roles. The new gender roles formedRead MoreWomen Of The Civil War885 Words   |  4 Pages For women in the 1860s it was predictable wisdom that a â€Å"woman’s place is in the home,† but the Civil War challenged this view (Civil War Academy, 2015). There were many women who played an important role in the Civil War. It is normal to think the Civil War was a man’s fight. However during the war, many women challenged the role of the women and took on different roles. While the men marched off to war, the women had to work hard and try to provide for their families. Women became doctors, spiesRead MoreThe Role Of Women During Post War Period1508 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Women During the post-war period women were getting more opportunities and freedoms within society, while at the same time getting more limitations. Using one’s maternal instinct was a concept that was heavily stressed during this period and made a big impact on their home life and work life. The Cold War was a time where women had a lot of responsibilities to both their family but also society. They were the caretakers and had an incredible amount of work to do in preparation of nuclearRead MoreBrave And Strong Women During The Civil War Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pages Brave and Strong Women in the Civil War Keyamber Ford Central High School November 9, 2015 4th Period â€Æ' Abstract Women in the Civil War were basically the beginning of a movement, because many people thought that women could not accomplish fighting in a war. The role of women in the Civil War failed to be noticed by people in history. Women’s roles prior to the Civil War were to take care of home and family. Single women or those who were poor could find work outside the homeRead MoreWomen In The Civil War1674 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Women Who Fought In the Civil War Submitted By: Tierahnee Balfour History 2010 Enhanced Mrs. Teresa Prober 19 October 2012 It is an accepted convention that the Civil War was a man’s fight, but to the women in that time period, it was not. Many women sacrificed their lives to fight for their family and for their country. The Civil War is symbolic in American history because it shaped society, as we know it today, â€Å"Free of slavery†. During the Civil War, women were mostly

Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas Free Essays

Name: John Kindley| Class: GH AP Y (Even)| Date: November 3rd, 2012| Chapter 12, Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas, 200 – 1500| Pages 306 – 331| | Classic-Era Culture and Society in Mesoamerica, 200 – 900:| | * Remarkable civilization created| | * Different language + politics, but unified by material culture, religious beliefs + practices, and social structure| Classic Period| * Classic period (built upon Olmec and other civilizations)| | * Social classes with distinct roles| * Hereditary politics + religious elites controlled towns + villages| | Teotihuacan:| | * Powerful city-state in central Mexico (100 B. C. E. We will write a custom essay sample on Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas or any similar topic only for you Order Now – 750 C. E. )| Religion| * Religion = worshipped many gods + lesser spirits, Sun + Moon| | * Human sacrifice = viewed as sacred duty to the gods and essential| | to the well-being of society| Farming| * Chinampas = raised fields along lakeshores to increase agriculture| Politics| * No evidence for single ruler; alliances between elite families| | The Maya:| Location| * Maya = civilization concentrated in the Yucatan Peninsula, | | Guatemala, and Honduras, but never unified| | * Contributed mainly in math, astronomy, and the calendar| | * High pyramids + palaces = meant to awe the masses that came| Decoration| * Maya = loved decoration| | * Infused warfare with religious meaning| | * Society = patrilineal| Contributions| * Devised elaborate calendar system, concept of 0, and writing| End of Classic Era| * Maya cities declined due to struggle for resources, which lead to| | class conflict and warfare| | | | | | | | | | * Connection with the Mesoamerican societies due to learning about the Aztecs in grade 8| * Have visited Mayan cities in Mexico, and have seen temples in real life| * Question: didn’t the Arabs develop the concept of 0? | | | | The Postclassic Period in Mesoamerica, 900 – 1500:| | * No single explanation for fall of Teotihuacan and Mayan centers| | The Toltecs:| | * Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexic o (900 – 1175 C. E. )| Origins| * Origins = unknown (either satellite or migrant populations)| | * Used military conquest to create powerful empire| Reason for decline| * Fell by internal power struggles and military threat from the north| | The Aztecs:| | * Altepetl = ethnic state in ancient Mesoamerica that was the | | common political building block of that region| Society + Politics| * Calpolli = group of up to hundred families that served as a building| | block of an altepetl (controlled land allocation + taxes + local religious life)| | * Tenochtitlan = capital of Aztec Empire; in an island in lake Texcoco| | Mexico City created on ruins of Tenochtitlan| * Aztecs = AKA Mexica, created empire (1325 – 1521 C. E. )| | * Aztecs forced defeated peoples to provide goods + labor as tax| Aztec Women| * Women = held lots of power; held in high esteem; held positions| | like teachers and priestesses; seen as founders of lineages, including| | the royal line| | * Merchants become rich, but cannot become high nobility| Economic systems| * Tribute system = system in which defeated peoples were forced to| | pay tax in forms of goo ds and labor; help development of large ities | | * Did not use money; used barter instead| | * Aztec religion = demanded increasing numbers of human sacrifice| * Connection to Aztecs as I learned about them in grade 8| * Noted the familiarities between the Mesoamerican societies, which also had distinct| differences as well| | | | Northern Peoples:| | * Classic period ends around 900 C. E. | | * Transfer of irrigation and corn agriculture -gt; stimulated development in Hohokam and Anasazi society| | Southwestern Desert Cultures:| | * Anasazi = important culture in southwest US (700 – 1300 C. E. )| | * Anasazi built multistory residences, and worshipped in | | subterranean buildings (called kivas)| Anasazi women| * Women = shared agricultural tasks, specialists in many crafts, | | responsible for food preparation and childcare| Anasazi region| * Anasazi = concentrate in Four Corners region| | Mound Builders: The Hopewell and Mississippian Cultures:| Political structure| * Chiefdom = form of political organization; ruled by hereditary leader| (Chiefdom)| who had control over collection of villages + towns; based on gift giving | | and commercial links| * Political organization + trade + mound building continued by the| | Mississippian culture (largest city = Cahokia)| Ansazi +| * Environmental changes caused destruction of Anasazi +| Mississippian| Mississippian cultures| Decline| | | | | Andean Civilizations, 200 – 1500| | * Environment = sucks for creating civilization| | * Amerindian peoples of Andean = produced some of the most| | socially complex + politically advanced societies in Western Hemisphere | | Cultural Response to Environmental Challenge| How they adapted| * Domestication of llamas and alpacas| | * Farmed at different altitudes to reduce risks from frosts| Social + political | * Ayllu = Andean lineage group or kin-based community| groups| * Ayllu = foundation for Andean achievement; members = obligated| | to help fellow members (thought as brothers and sisters)| | * Mit’a = Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help| | kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations | Gender distinction| * Men = hunting, military service, government| | * Women = textile production, agriculture, home| Harsh climates of Andean civilizations = similar to harsh environment of North American| settlers | * Anasazi + Mississippian culture = one of few civilizations that did not fall due to outside| pressures| | | Moche:| | * Moche = civilization of north coast of Peru (200 – 700 C. E. )| | * Built extensive irrigation networks + impressive urban centers| | dominated by brick temples| Political + social| * Did not establish formal empire nor unified political structure| structure| * Moche society = theocratic + stratified; priests + military leaders | | had concentrated wealth + power| Decline of Moche| * Moche centers declined due to long-term climate changes| | * Wari = new military power, culturally linked to Tiwanaku| | * Wari contributed to the disappearance of the Moche| | Tiwanaku and Wari:| | * Tiwanaku = name of capital city and empire centered on the region| | near Lake Titicaca in modern Bolivia (375 – 1000 C. E. )| | * Llamas = crucial for maintenance of long-distance trade relations| | * High quality of stone masonry| * Stratified society ruled by a hereditary elite| | * Used military to extend their power over large religions | | The Inca:| | * Largest and most powerful Andean empire (Cuzco = capital)| | * Initially a chiefdom -gt; turned in to military expansion in 1430s| | * Inca prosperity depended on vast herds of llamas + alpacas| | * Hereditary chiefs of ayllus included women| | * Had hostage taking system for politics| * Each new ruler began his reign with conquest (legitimize authority)| | * Khipus = system of knotted colored cords used by preliterate| | Andean peoples to transmit information| | * Did not produce new technologies; increased economic output| | * Civil war weakened the Inca on the eve of European arrival| | | | | | | | | | | | | * Noticed that primary gods for many societies were Sun gods and agricultural gods| * Pressures from inside took out the Inca society; similar to other societies| * Khipus = similar to the one that Aztecs used| | | How to cite Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas, Essays

Is it a Birdie free essay sample

To me it’s a birdie. To others it may be a shuttle or a shuttlecock. But no matter what it’s called, the one thing that these names have in common is that without a â€Å"birdie† there is no badminton. The racket is, quite frankly, useless unless paired with its accomplice†¦ the mighty birdie. Whether it be an intense game, or a simple volley, the surge of energy that comes with hitting a birdie can be compared to nothing else. It’s an energy that is present whether the return was a deafening smash or a light touch nonetheless. Playing a game of badminton is just like playing the game of â€Å"life†; you never know what’s coming your way, just like you don’t know your opponent’s next move. Sometimes, my own moves surprise me. This element of surprise is a refreshing reminder that life is not a preplanned package: there are options. We will write a custom essay sample on Is it a Birdie? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are times when defeat is the only option; however, moments like these drive us as human beings to make sure that our next option is only victory!