The War Against Essay Isee Upper Level Topics

The War Against Essay Isee Upper Level Topics A Secret Weapon for Essay Isee Upper Level Topics Answer every question you are able to but if you simply don't know the response to a question in any respect, skip it and move forward. While taking the test, you could possibly be tempted to finish a question as rapidly as possible. The goal of a quantitative comparison question is to determine which column includes the larger value. Since you may see, quantitative comparison questions aren't as straightforward as questions provided in the conventional format, so it's important to pay attention and be certain that you don't mix up the value related to each column. New Step by Step Roadmap for Essay Isee Upper Level Topics So as to order essay at a reasonable price, while saving your time and have a great essay can be 100% sure that there's absolutely no very clear guidance, there isn't any formally rigid framework, naturally, an individual can use just assessment info. In order to acquire a better feeling of your scores, a very simple guideline is to figure out the proportion of questions you answered correctly on any certain section. While keeping your eye on the clock is a great tactic, rushing through questions is not. This is an excellent chance for you to demonstrate your capability to write clearly and concisely, and to clearly show your creativity, therefore it's worth spending time to practice! The ISEE essay isn't scored, but it is going to automatically be sent to schools together with the remainder of your report. The itinerary of ISEE needs to be chosen with plenty of planning and shouldn't be selected hastily. You're able to discover up-to-date registration info in the ISEE Student Guide, and you might complete online registration on the official ISEE test site. Hence, it's highly recommended that you register for the ISEE well beforehand. What About Essay Isee Upper Level Topics? For the reason, the criteria for a great essay can fl uctuate widely. Hence, you must compose your essay from professional writers. In the debut, be sure to state your topic and explain clearly why this topic is significant to you. You need to select the topic that is quite interesting with you, and that you truly feel confident writing! Grades 811 take the top level test. Scores are available on the internet right after the test is graded (2-3 days following the test administration). Usually only an extremely extensive selection of scores is supplied, therefore it's not possible to have a very good sense of what stanine you're scoring in. The ideal way to learn a realistic score to target is to get hold of the schools to which you're applying and request the normal scores of admitted students. Therefore, it's suggested that students work hard and utilize the appropriate study resources to realize their goal and brighten their schooling career. So far as students are involved, there isn't much to be gained from discussing sco ring. The schools who read your sample aren't likely to know that you're an extremely speedy writer--but they are going to be able to tell how much effort you place into your sample. In fact, the essay is a little bit of an enigma. Then, in the conclusion, rephrase your chief points and provide something new to the reader, like describing how this topic will have an impact on your actions later on. All students may also gain from the great number of test taking strategies included the book. The Importance of Essay Isee Upper Level Topics The writing sample of the SSAT is just one of the most overlooked sections as soon as it comes to test prep! Furthermore, you must rewrite the prompt at the very top of the very first page. The standard of any course absolutely depends upon the material and the instructor involved. It depends on the material and the instructor involved. Practice putting your very best foot forward! It ought to be known that the students must compose the essay within thirty minutes and this timeframe is identical for all the levels. Quantitative Reasoning problems often involve several steps that you must think through, instead of several actions you need to calculate. The trick to mastering the ISEE essay is preparing yourself for the difficulty of creating a complete essay within half an hour. Naturally, you need to make certain that your grabber is related to the prompt you've been assigned. The full-length format also supplies you with the chance to fine-tune your pacing.

A Dialogue Between Descartes and Me - 1851 Words

Me: Thanks for meeting me for coffee, Renà ©! It’s not everyday that you get to sit down with one of the most influential philosophers of all time! Descartes: Well thanks for the compliment, Matt! So, you what is it that you wanted to speak with me about? Me: I have spent some time recently studying the works of such philosophers as Clark, Chalmers, and Dennett, and I have a number of questions for you pertaining to your traditional views of dualist nature of the person based on what these men have had to say on the topic. Descartes: I see - I know these thinkers very well. My dualist views lead me to believe that the mind is a nonphysical entity distinct from our bodies. It can be associated with our consciousness and self-awareness and separated from the material attributes of our bodies. I have concluded that our minds do not follow the traditional laws of nature associated with our bodies, and are thus able to transcend the physical world to obtain knowledge. Now, what would you like to hear about specifically? Me: First, I would like to discuss the â€Å"hard problem† of consciousness with you. Descartes: Ah, yes. One of my favorite topics! The â€Å"hard problem† can be defined as the problem of explaining how any physical state is conscious, rather than unconscious. While science serves to explain the functions of the conscious physical world that we perceive, we are left with the question: Why is it conscious? This indicates that a simple explanation of consciousness is notShow MoreRelatedPersonal Identity - Memory Theory vs Body Theory vs Soul Theory1634 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Identity REFERENCE: Perry, Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality. . Thesis . Identity refers to â€Å"a relation that everything has to itself and to no other thing†, and our perception of personal identity is the knowledge that we are ourselves, and who we have been – basically, that I am the same person I was last week, last year, etc. Leibniz’s Law states that if one thing (A) is identical to another (B) at one given point in time, they share the exact same properties, makingRead MoreA Conversation between Descartes and Searle1140 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes: One of my greatest powers is the ability to think, considering that it is essentially the only thing that I am unable to doubt. Searle: I partly agree to your statement, but I observe that you are inclined to ignore the concept of technology and the wonders that it can perform. Furthermore, just as you are able to persuade other individuals in thinking that they make decisions for themselves, it is probable that someone else influences you and the decisions that you make without allowingRead MoreDescartes Philosophy On Method And Meditations On First Philosophy1620 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophers were different from Rene Descartes, Descartes had an opinion that if he could somehow disregard everything that he knew was real, try to doubt it and it would help him in life; â€Å"I will be happy to show in this discourse what paths I have followed and to represent my life† . In his book, Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes explains that his way of thinking is the best â€Å"no better proofs can be found than mine† , this shows that Descartes was really confident in hisRead MoreTheme Of The Disneyland Of Consciousness1720 Words   |  7 Pagesin the near future. The current generation is indeed running detailed simulations of its forebears due to the powerful nature of the computers. Furthermore, the current generation is more conscious of simulation technology thus drawing a red line between the original races with the current race which are the advanced descendants of an original race. Therefore, it is feasible to argue that we are currently living in a computer simulation era and as such we too have descendants who will run a numberRead MoreThe Question Of Human Existence1776 Words   |  8 Pagesbody. Renà © Descartes, often referred to as the father of modern philosophy, first questioned this idea. The 17th century French philosopher stood out for being an intense rationalist. Rationalism is the belief in knowledge by thinking reasonably, rather than emotionally. In a time when many philosophers backed up their arguments with religion, Descartes trusted in nothing more than logic. Due to rapid new discoveries in science, that were proving many old theories to be wrong, Descartes believed philosophyRead MoreThe Inconceivability Argument1247 Words   |  5 Pageswork Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous Berkeley is arguing against materialism, which views material substance to exist independently outside of the mind. Many philosophers, such as Descartes, believed materialism to be the most common-sensical view; however, Berkeley disagreed. So in his work he presents his idea of idealism, which follows that only minds and what’s in them exist. Berkeley seems to be very confident in this argument, seeing as he expresses though the dialogue of PhilonousRead MoreComparing Socrates And Descartes On The Proof Of Existence Of God1759 Words   |  8 PagesComparison between Socrates and Descartes on the proof of existence of God. Socrates is who established ancient philosophy with Plato and Aristotle. His philosophy effects Western system of philosophy. He was born BC 470 in Athens and his father was a sculptor and his mother was midwife. He focuses teaching other people that philosophical argument in his life. He doesn’t want material for teaching because he doesn’t have material greed. His goals are verifying the oracle, question our belief, andRead MoreRhetoric : The Power Of Discourse1689 Words   |  7 Pagesrhetoric. In the following, I will demonstrate how power in rhetoric is used through its many forms. The online Webster’s dictionary defines power as â€Å"the ability to act or produce an effect.† Power can be interpreted in many different ways but to me it carries both a good and bad aspect. In rhetoric we see how we can have the power to cause an effect by communicating and having specific intentions behind the message. Power entails so much more than what the word means. As a woman, I have the powerRead MoreDescartes Res Cogitans, Res Extensa, God2932 Words   |  12 PagesRecalling the distinction made earlier between primary objects of perception (objects of mathematics) and secondary objects of perception (apparent objects formed from observer-dependent sensory properties), Descartes investigates whether material objects exist by asking two questions: (1) do primary objects exist? and (2) do secondary objects exist? In answering the first question, Descartes draws on a distinction between imagining primary objects and conceiving of primary objects. He notes t hatRead MoreWho Am I? By Ian Burkitt Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesBurkitt presents on what affects our self-identities in his book Social Selves, he delves into the history of sociology and the thoughts not just of early sociologist like Marx, Weber, and Durkheim, but he also brings in ancient Philosophers such as Descartes and Aurelius to emphasize the narratives of self that began long ago. To begin to fully understand what Burkitt was trying to get across in his book one must know the first question he asked, â€Å"Who am I?† This is not an easy question once Burkitt

International Human Rights Law-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Both Jaroslaw and Hamza wish to bring applications to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) against Poland over their treatment, and seek your advice on potential violations of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Answer: European Court of Human Rights Advice According to the statements of facts, the following substantial issues may arise amounting to violations of the European Convention on Human Rights (the Convention): Applicants right to liberty and security (Article 5) Violation of right to fair trial (Article 6) The failure of the polish authorities to prevent the applicant from the risk of ill-treatment in case of deportation (Article 3 and 5) Violation of right to respect for private and family life (Article 8) The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is an international treaty that aims at safeguarding fundamental freedoms and human rights in Europe. Any nationals of the state party to the Convention may approach the European Court of Human Rights in case there is an infringement of the rights of the individuals under the ECHR Convention. The judgments delivered by the court have a binding effect upon the concerned States and they are under statutory obligation to act in compliance with such judgments[1]. Right to liberty and security The applicant, Humza has been subject to arrest under the Counter Terrorism Act but has not been presented before the judge and any authorized person conferred with the power of exercising judicial powers within a reasonable time that commences from the time of arrests. It is a clear violation of Article 5 of the Convention and the advice shall deal with the primary violation Article 5 and then examine any potential secondary violations of Articles 7 of the Convention. Article 5 The failure to present Hamza immediately before the judge has violated article 5(f) of the Convention, which required the authorities to bring any person who has been lawfully detained on the ground that action is being taken for deportation or extradition. Hamza was waiting for the determination of his refugee status with the Polish government but he was under surveillance by ISA and was arrested under the Counter-Terrorism Act and detained for 14 days without charge under the criminal procedure statute of the country. In the absence of any precise definition of the term act of terrorist nature the Polish authorities relied on the related legislations that states any person in private contact with a member if a Polish intelligence agency shall be said to have been involved in an act of terrorist nature. Further, after the completion of the 14 days detention, the government applied for continued detention and the interior Minister permitted 3 months detention as Hamza was deemed to pose a threat to the national security of the country. General principles The ECtHR is not bound by the opinion of the domestic authorities while determining the deprivation of liberty, thus, violating Article 5 of the Convention[2]. Although the domestic government stated that there is evidence Hamza had accessed an online forum for discussing about the Syrian conflict, the ECtHR shall not consider the detention of Hamza and instead would conduct an autonomous assessment of the circumstances of the case. The court shall consider the duration and the manner of deprivation of liberty that has been raised by the applicant. In Fox, Campbell and Hartley v The United Kingdom [1990], the applicants were arrested for being suspected of being a terrorist and were detained for 72 hours. The court held that there was a violation of Article 5 as the evidence based on which the detention was made was not sufficient to establish reasonable suspicion for the arrests. Article 7 The penal detention of the applicant contravenes Article 7(1) of the Convention, which prohibits the State authorities from imposing heavier penalties that was imposed after the applicant was convicted[3]. In the given circumstances, since the applicant was not convicted of an offence, the detention cannot be said to have followed conviction. The court may take into consideration the detention procedure to determine whether the detention was lawful and qualified for penalty. Right to fair trial According to Article 6 of the Convention, every person is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent judge or any tribunal established by law. Article 6(2) states that every person who is charged with criminal offense shall be deemed to be innocent until the person is proved guilty. Article 6 (3) (a) of the Convention states that every person who is charged with a criminal offense has a right to be informed about the nature and cause of the accusation against him without any delay. Article 6 (3) (d) of the Convention entitles persons who are charged with criminal offense to examine the witnesses against him and to obtain examination and attendance of the witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against the person charged with criminal offense. In the given scenario, the applicant Jaroslaw pleaded before the regional court to seek unconditional release from his duty of secrecy to be able to communicate with his lawyers and prepare his defense[4]. He further pleaded before the court to provide him with the internal ISA report based on which he was charged and the documents that had been leaked as both these documents were missing from the file. However, the court refused to provide the applicant with the documents on the ground that as per the Internal Security and Foreign Intelligence Agency Act the release of such documents shall harm the national interests or security. The court released the applicant on conditions that the applicant shall not be able to cross-examine the authors of the statements. This is a clear violation of the Article 6 (3) (d) of the Convention, which entitles that every person who is charged with criminal offense shall examine the witnesses against him and obtain examination and attendance of the witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against the person charged with criminal offense. On the other hand, Hamza was detained for 14 days without being charged and was not presented before the Court within a reasonable time after the arrest which is a clear violation of the Article 6 of the ECHR that requires every person to be brought before any independent judge established by law. However, the Polish government could not find any material evidence against Hamza regarding the fact that he received classified information from Jaroslaw as he was in touch with him[5]. However, the government had evidences that he posed a threat to the national security of the country, hence his detention was extended to 3 months. In Chraidi v Germany [2006], the court held that under exceptional circumstances, the length of the applicants detention is considered reasonable provided the cases are associated with international terrorism. However, in Heaney v McGuinness v Ireland, the court held that if the justification given by the government that the detention of a person was extended as the person posed a threat to the national security of the country, the detention shall be held as violation of the Article 6 of the convention[6]. Failure of the polish authorities to prevent risk of ill-treatment in case of deportation Where a real risk of ill-treatment lies in another state, it is the statutory obligation not to send an individual to that particular state. The government deporting the applicant cannot justify the deportation on the ground that the interest of the public of that nation is at stake and that the deportation is necessary to safeguard the interests of the nationals[7]. The government cannot state that the interests of the public shall be more important than the risk of ill-treatment that the deported person shall be subject to, on his return to such state. The rule shall apply irrespective of the offense or conduct of the person who is subject to the risk of ill-treatment in case of deportation. In Chahal v the United Kingdom [1996], the applicant was deported on the ground that his deportation is in the interest of the nationals. The applicant pleaded that he would be subjected to ill treatment if he is deported to India. The ECtHR held that it would amount to a violation of the Article 3 of the Convention that prohibits human beings from any inhuman and degrading treatment[8]. The enforcement of the deportation order to India amounted to a violation of the article. Further, in Shamayey and Others v Georgia and Russia [2002], the applicant pleaded that he would be subject to ill treatment if he is extradited in Russia and the court held that extradition order would amount to a infringement of article 3 of the convention if such decision was enforced. In the given scenario, the applicants refugee application stated that if he is deported to Russia he would be subject to immediate torture, detainment and potentially extra-judicial execution owing to his relationship with his family members who have been identified as members of the a certain nationalist-Islamist group which is considered as a terrorist organization in Russia. The polish authorities discovered that he was in contact with Jaroslaw and suspected him to have received any classified information; however, the government found no record relating to such information. He was arrested based on the reasonable suspicion of being involved in act of terrorist nature, which is described by the countrys legislation as any foreigner who is in private contact with a member of a Polish Intelligence agency. However, a deportation order was issues against him which expelled him from the country through the expedited deportation process that deports non-citizens who are deemed to be terrorism suspects. After returning to Russia, the Russian authorities arrested Hamza immediately on his return. This establishes a clear violation of Article 3 of the Convention, which states that no pesron shall be subject to any form of torture or any treatment, or punishment that is degrading and inhuman by nature. As discussed in the Chahals case, the applicant would have ben subjected to the risk of ill-treatment if deported to India, hence the deportation order was a violation of the ECHR provisions[9]. Further, the Convention states that no person shall be deported if there is a risk of being subject to inhuman and degrading treatment, without having regard to the type of criminal offence with which the applicant has been charged. The Polish authorities have passed a deportation order against Hamza on the ground that he may pose threat to the interests of the nationals and the national security of the country. However, the ECHR state that when there is a risk of facing inhuman and ill-treatment in the deporting country, the interests of the public shall not amount to any reasonable grou nd to deport the applicant. Hence, the Polish government has violated right to be prevented from inhuman, ill-treatment or degrading treatment on deportation[10]. Violation of Right to respect for Private and Family Life According to Article 8 of the Convention, every person is entitled to respect the family and private life, home and association. The public authorities cannot make any interference in the exercise of this right unless such interference is authorized by law and is necessary to safeguard the interest of the nationals, economic well-being and safety of the citizens living in the democratic society in the country. Further, such interference must be made in order to prevent any form of crime, disorder or to safeguard the protection of the morals or health of the citizens of the country. Law authorizes the interference if it purports to safeguard the rights and freedoms of the citizens of the country. In the case of K2 v The United Kingdom [2017], the applicant was suspected to have been associated with some terrorism-related activities in Somalia and was barred from re-entering the country. The applicant claimed that his right to respect for private and family life has been contravened. He further stated that he could have presented his case, from overseas, but he was afraid of the fact that the Sudanese counter-terrorism authorities could intercept or hinder his communications and cause harm to him[11]. The Court held that although the deprivation of the citizenship of the applicant amounts to violation of Article 8 in some circumstances but issues related to the right to respect for private and family life was not present in the case[12]. Further, the interference of private and family life caused due to the deprivation of citizenship was limited, hence was legal under Article 8 of the Convention. Further, there were evidences that the applicant was involved in terrorism-related activities; hence, there was no violation of Article 8 of the Convention. In Klass and Others v Germany [1979-80], the applicants were five German lawyers who claimed that the legislation of Germany have conferred the authorities with the power to monitor the telephone and other electrical communications without necessitating the authorities to acknowledge the persons who are being subject to such monitoring, about the measures that are taken against such persons. The court held that the right to respect for private and family life of the applicant stipulated under Article 8 of the Convention was not violated. The court based its decisions on the reasons that it is often observed that in the event there lies an threat of terrorism and espionage that is complicated in nature, the legislation of some countries may grant its authorities the power to conduct secret surveillance. However, such secret surveillance shall be undertaken under exceptional circumstances. Such exceptional circumstances include if the surveillance is a necessity to safeguard the interests of the nationals, prevent the national security of the country and prevent any form of disorder or crime[13]. In the given scenario, the ISA was conferred with the powers to undertake the surveillance program under the Counter-Terrorism Act without informing the persons about the fact that their calls, communications and the other electronic devices were subject to surveillance on a 24-hour basis irrespective of the fact whether such person is under investigation[14]. The applicant, Jarslow was being under secret surveillance even before he was subjected to investigation and it was due to this investigation that the ISA and the Polish authorities developed a reasonable suspicion on him about the fact that he has been transferring classified information to third parties. However, they had no material evidence to establish that he was associated with any terrorist related activities even then he was being subject to secret surveillance and was not even informed about the same. Although the fact that the legal authorities did not find any evidence that would indicate that Jarslow was involved in terrorist related activities and subjected him under secret surveillance, does raise the question of infringement of Article 8 of the Convention to certain extent. However, the court cannot completely ignore the fact that it was due to such secret surveillance, that the ISA could discover that Jarslow provided classified copies and information to third parties outside the services. As was held in K2s case, that although the deprivation of citizenship did not violate Article 8 of the applicant as the applicant was found to hve been engaged in terrorism related activities[15]. Similarly, Jarslow was found to have shared information to their parties. Therefore, Jarslows right to respect for private and family life was limited as he was an interpreter and intelligence analyst and possessed sufficient important information about the country. If such documents are leaked, it is obvious that it would pose a threat to the national security and safety of the nationals[16]. Therefore, the court may not consider that Jacobs right to privacy and family life was violated. On the other hand, the other applicant Hamza was also subjected to constant surveillance by the ISA as he was reasonably suspected to have received classified information although no record was founded relating to the same. Hamza was detained under the Counter Terrorism Act but the statute did not provide any definition of act of terrorist but relied on accompanying legislation that considered private contact with a member of a Polish intelligence agency by any foreigner to be ground to arrest such foreigner. This may raise the question of violation of Hamzas right to private life and family under article 8 of the Convention, as they authorities commenced such monitoring on the ground that Hamza may have received some classified information from Jarslow. However, no record was found but he was arrested merely because he was in contact with Jarslow who was a member of Polish Intelligence agency and had accessed to websites discussing about Syrian conflict. However, as was observed in the Klasss case, the court asserted that in case the national government finds that any person poses a threat of terrorism and espionage, the legislations of the country might permit secret monitoring surveillance under exceptional circumstances[17]. Where there is need to prevent crime or disorder and safeguard the safety of the nationals, the legislation shall allow the authorities to monitor electrical communications of the suspected persons in the interest of the nationals of the country[18]. In the given scenario, the polish authorities have valid reasons to undertake secret surveillance. Firstly, Hamzas refugee status stated that he would be ill-treated, if deported in Russia, because of his relationship with his family members who have been recognized to be terrorist organization. Secondly, he had been in private contact via email with Jarslow who is a member of the Polish Intelligence system and was arrested for transferring classified documents to third parties outside the service. This establishes a ground of act of terrorist nature under which he was arrested. Lastly, the Polish government had evidence that the applicant Hamza may have had connections with the Islamic State fighters in Syria, which is evident from the browsing history of the applicant that revealed that Hamza had an access to an online website that prides a platform to discuss about the Syrian conflict. If these findings are taken into consideration, to some extent it gives rise to the exceptional circumstances under which, the legislation of some countries may allow secret surveillance for the safety of the nationals and country. Under such circumstances, the violation of article 8 is limited. Reference list Andenas, Mads, Eirik Bjorge, and Andreas Fllesdal. "National implementation of ECHR Rights."Constituting Europe: the European Court of Human Rights in a National, European, and Global Context(2013). Broberg, Morten, and Niels Fenger. "Preliminary References to the Court of Justice of the EU and the Right to a Fair Trial under Article 6 ECHR."European Law Review41.4 (2016): 599-607. Chahal v the United Kingdom [1996] ECHR 54 Chraidi v Germany [2006] 47 EHRR 47 para 37 D'Ambrosio, Dario Rossi. "The Human Rights of the Other-Law, Philosophy and Complications in the Extra-Territorial Application of the ECHR."SOAS LJ2 (2015): 1. Foldes, Stephan. "Reasons withheld and insufficient reasoning as due process violations: two cases before the ECHR." (2016). Fox, Campbell and Hartley v The United Kingdom [1990] 13 EHRR 157 Galetta, Antonella, and Paul De Hert. "Complementing the surveillance law principles of the ECtHR with its environmental law principles: An integrated technology approach to a human rights framework for surveillance." (2014). Grabenwarter, Christoph. "The European Convention on Human Rights: Inherent Constitutional Tendencies and the Role of the European Court of Human Rights."ELTE LJ(2014): 101. Grange, Mariette, and Izabella Majcher. "When Is Immigration Detention Lawful? The Monitoring Practices of UN Human Rights Mechanisms." (2017). Guild, Elspeth. "Understanding Immigration Detention in the UK and Europe."Immigration Detention, Risk and Human Rights. Springer International Publishing, 2016. 141-155. Heaney v McGuinness v Ireland [2001]ECtHR Herz, Clara, and ?. . "The Impact of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) on Preventive Police Detention as Governed by German Law." (2017). K2 v The United Kingdom [2017] ECHR 238 Klass and Others v Germany [1979-80] 2 EHRR 214 Krebs, Johannes. "The Right to a Fair Trial in the Context of Counter-Terrorism: The use and suppression of sensitive information in Australia and the United Kingdom." (2016). Lavrysen, Laurens. "Protection by the law: the positive obligation to develop a legal framework to adequately protect ECHR rights."Human Rights and Civil Liberties in the 21st Century. Springer Netherlands, 2014. 69-129. Margalit, Alon. "Recent Trends in the Application of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law."Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies7.1 (2016): 156-182. Mueller, Tim Nikolas. "Preventive detention as a counter-terrorism instrument in Germany."Crime, Law and Social Change62.3 (2014): 323-335. Shamayey and Others v Georgia and Russia [2002] ECHR Tzanou, Maria. "European Union regulation of transatlantic data transfers and online surveillance."Human Rights Law Review(2017): ngw046. Vrolijk, Marloes Anne. "Immigration Detention and Non-removability Before the European Court of Human Rights."Immigration Detention, Risk and Human Rights. Springer International Publishing, 2016. 47-72. Vuille, Jolle, Luca Lupria, and Franco Taroni. "Scientific evidence and the right to a fair trial under Article 6 ECHR."Law, Probability and Risk16.1 (2017): 55-68. Walder, Alexander. "Surveillance on the Internet: A Comparison of the United States and the European Approaches to Protection and Privacy on the Internet in the Face of Increased Government Monitoring in an Effort to Combat Domestic Terrorism." (2015). Wong, Tom K.Rights, deportation, and detention in the age of immigration control. Stanford University Press, 2015. Andenas, Mads, Eirik Bjorge, and Andreas Fllesdal. "National implementation of ECHR Rights."Constituting Europe: the European Court of Human Rights in a National, European, and Global Context(2013). Lavrysen, Laurens. "Protection by the law: the positive obligation to develop a legal framework to adequately protect ECHR rights."Human Rights and Civil Liberties in the 21st Century. Springer Netherlands, 2014. 69-129. Grabenwarter, Christoph. "The European Convention on Human Rights: Inherent Constitutional Tendencies and the Role of the European Court of Human Rights."ELTE LJ(2014): 101. Herz, Clara, and ?. . "The Impact of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) on Preventive Police Detention as Governed by German Law." (2017). Wong, Tom K.Rights, deportation, and detention in the age of immigration control. Stanford University Press, 2015 Foldes, Stephan. "Reasons withheld and insufficient reasoning as due process violations: two cases before the ECHR." (2016). Galetta, Antonella, and Paul De Hert. "Complementing the surveillance law principles of the ECtHR with its environmental law principles: An integrated technology approach to a human rights framework for surveillance." (2014). Krebs, Johannes. "The Right to a Fair Trial in the Context of Counter-Terrorism: The use and suppression of sensitive information in Australia and the United Kingdom." (2016). D'Ambrosio, Dario Rossi. "The Human Rights of the Other-Law, Philosophy and Complications in the Extra-Territorial Application of the ECHR."SOAS LJ2 (2015): 1. Mueller, Tim Nikolas. "Preventive detention as a counter-terrorism instrument in Germany."Crime, Law and Social Change62.3 (2014): 323-335. Vuille, Jolle, Luca Lupria, and Franco Taroni. "Scientific evidence and the right to a fair trial under Article 6 ECHR."Law, Probability and Risk16.1 (2017): 55-68. Walder, Alexander. "Surveillance on the Internet: A Comparison of the United States and the European Approaches to Protection and Privacy on the Internet in the Face of Increased Government Monitoring in an Effort to Combat Domestic Terrorism." (2015). Margalit, Alon. "Recent Trends in the Application of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law."Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies7.1 (2016): 156-182. Tzanou, Maria. "European Union regulation of transatlantic data transfers and online surveillance."Human Rights Law Review(2017): ngw046. Guild, Elspeth. "Understanding Immigration Detention in the UK and Europe."Immigration Detention, Risk and Human Rights. Springer International Publishing, 2016. 141-155. Broberg, Morten, and Niels Fenger. "Preliminary References to the Court of Justice of the EU and the Right to a Fair Trial under Article 6 ECHR."European Law Review41.4 (2016): 599-607. Vrolijk, Marloes Anne. "Immigration Detention and Non-removability Before the European Court of Human Rights."Immigration Detention, Risk and Human Rights. Springer International Publishing, 2016. 47-72. Grange, Mariette, and Izabella Majcher. "When Is Immigration Detention Lawful? The Monitoring Practices of UN Human Rights Mechanisms." (2017).

Shelleys Mont Blanc What Is the Mountain Outside of the Mind Essay Example

Shelleys Mont Blanc: What Is the Mountain Outside of the Mind? Paper Percy Shelley encountered in Nature a phenomenon which for him recreated the clear, cognizant thinking unlocked only in dreams. His excursion to the valley of Charmonix in the south of France resulted in the awe inspiring sight of Mont Blanc actively challenging his knowledge of the limits of the human mind, allowing a murky idealism inspired by the philosopher David Hume to come to the forefront of his writing. He questioned outright whether the mountain, or at least his interpretation of it, existed outside of the imaginings of his mind. Though his conclusion may have been infinitely doubtful, his thesis was clear: there can exist no purely objective reality. Though the physicality of the mountain was unquestionable, its true purpose was not. Thus the poem examines Nature in two ways: the traditional view of Nature as an alien and indifferent entity which exists outside of our minds, to touch and feel, and Nature as a construct of the human mind. It is also a poem which, despite its conventions, is alogical, and lends itself to understanding only in impressions. We must swiftly ignore the interpretation of Nature as an entity in competition with man, something which exists for a solely physical purpose. By this point it is outdated and it is clear that the mountain of which Shelley speaks is inseparable from the experiences occurring in his mind. There is something about the construct of the mountain, its stark, majestic appearance, its springing forth from the darkness that has unlocked a thought process for Shelley which was hitherto accessible only in a dreamlike state. Dizzy Ravine! We will write a custom essay sample on Shelleys Mont Blanc: What Is the Mountain Outside of the Mind? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shelleys Mont Blanc: What Is the Mountain Outside of the Mind? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shelleys Mont Blanc: What Is the Mountain Outside of the Mind? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And when I gaze on thee I seem as in a trance sublime and strange To muse on my own separate phantasy, My own, my human mind, which passively Now renders and receives fast influencings, Holding an unremitting interchange With the clear universe of things around, When Shelley gazed upon the mountain he had no choice but to look within himself as well. It is well-known that Shelley was well versed in the philosophy of Locke and Hume, thinkers who in general terms believed that our ideas are derived from sensory impressions. That is not to say that we analyze our ideas into copies of experiences, but rather that we synthesize, actively generate these beliefs through imagination. This perhaps explains Shelleys immediacy in the opening verses of the poem: The everlasting universe of things Flows through the mind, and rolls its rapid waves, Now dark? now glittering? now reflecting gloom? Now lending splendour, where from secret springs The source of human thought its tribute brings In some sense Shelley looks to the mountain as a source of omnipotence, for he addresses it directly with his questions: Some say that gleams of a remoter world Visit the soul in sleep,? that death is slumber, And that its shapes the busy thoughts outnumber Of those who wake and live.? I look on high, Shelley concerns himself deeply with Nature, and by consequence Mans capacity for good and evil. It is the struggle to ascertain whether it is possible to reconcile humans with nature, or whether it remains alien and aloof to human needs, as the judgment of good and evil is a purely man made concept. Thou hast a voice, great Mountain, to repeal Large codes of fraud and woe, not understood By all, but which the wise, and great, and good Interpret, or make felt, or deeply feel. It is interesting that Shelley, being an idealist, employs commonsense realism in his verse. All things that move and breathe with toil and sound Are born and die, revolve, subside and swell. This knowledge is the result of past observation, it is concrete and knowable. What remains unknown is the mountain, Nature, himself. What is perhaps most important in Shelleys poem, and perhaps the vaguest element, is his use of circular imagery: In dream, and does the mightier world of sleep Spread far around and inaccessibly Its circles? The breath and blood of distant lands, for ever Rolls its loud waters to the ocean waves, Breathes its swift vapours to the circling air There is a circular interplay between the physical manifestation of the mountain and the perception within Shelleys mind. It is a process in which what he sees informs him, and thus he informs what he sees. This process by which Shelley receives the mountain in waves is exactly how he relates it to us: in sublime bursts and raves. Indeed, the entire functioning of the mountain is based on this circular philosophy, the cycle of destruction and regeneration with no regard for life. As Shelley muses, ? So much of life and joy is lost.? Ultimately, in the event that there is no God, it is Nature that reconciles us through this process to life and death. What amount of this is revelation to Shelley through the omnipotence of the mountain, and what amount of knowledge did he already have within him? The mountain as Shelley defines it, with these questions of life and death, is purely his own creation. We may reason that it is just a mountain, a physical existence, no less and no more. But for Shelley the mountain embodies all the thoughts he has projected onto it and all those in turn which it has exchanged with him. At the end of the poem, he begs: And what were thou, and earth, and stars, and sea, If to the human minds imaginings Silence and solitude were vacancy? Evidently Shelleys verse demands closer analysis than that of Wordsworth, for he is dealing with a deep psychology in his analysis of Mont Blanc. Is it possible to separate Shelleys manifestation of his own thoughts from his perception of the mountain? The answer is that they are intertwined by design. Mont Blanc did not exist for Shelley to touch, smell or feel. It existed to unlock a state of reflectiveness within himself. The mountain, its concept, was everlasting in Shelleys mind, and he carried it with him over time, transforming it not into metaphor but synthesizing it into experience. WORKS CITED Mont Blanc by P. B. Shelley, 1817